Supabase Auth with Next.js Pages Directory

This submodule provides convenience helpers for implementing user authentication in Next.js applications using the pages directory.

Note: As of Next.js 13.4, the App Router has reached stable status. This is now the recommended path for new Next.js app. Check out our guide on using Auth Helpers with the Next.js App Directory.

Install the Next.js helper library#

npm install @supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs

npm install @supabase/auth-helpers-react

Set up environment variables#

Retrieve your project URL and anon key in your project's API settings in the Dashboard to set up the following environment variables. For local development you can set them in a .env.local file. See an example.

1NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL=your-supabase-url
2NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=your-supabase-anon-key

Basic Setup#

import { createPagesBrowserClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'
import { SessionContextProvider } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-react'
import { useState } from 'react'

function MyApp({ Component, pageProps }) {
  // Create a new supabase browser client on every first render.
  const [supabaseClient] = useState(() => createPagesBrowserClient())

  return (
    <SessionContextProvider
      supabaseClient={supabaseClient}
      initialSession={pageProps.initialSession}
    >
      <Component {...pageProps} />
    </SessionContextProvider>
  )
}

You can now determine if a user is authenticated by checking that the user object returned by the useUser() hook is defined.

Code Exchange API Route#

The Code Exchange API route is required for the server-side auth flow implemented by the Next.js Auth Helpers. It exchanges an auth code for the user's session, which is set as a cookie for future requests made to Supabase.

import { NextApiHandler } from 'next'
import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

const handler = async (req, res) => {
  const { code } = req.query

  if (code) {
    const supabase = createPagesServerClient({ req, res })
    await supabase.auth.exchangeCodeForSession(String(code))
  }

  res.redirect('/')
}

export default handler

Usage with TypeScript#

You can pass types that were generated with the Supabase CLI to the Supabase Client to get enhanced type safety and auto completion:

Browser client#

Creating a new supabase client object:

import { createPagesBrowserClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'
import { Database } from '../database.types'

const supabaseClient = createPagesBrowserClient<Database>()

Retrieving a supabase client object from the SessionContext:

import { useSupabaseClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-react'
import { Database } from '../database.types'

const supabaseClient = useSupabaseClient<Database>()

Server client#

// Creating a new supabase server client object (e.g. in API route):
import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'
import type { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from 'next'
import type { Database } from 'types_db'

export default async (req: NextApiRequest, res: NextApiResponse) => {
  const supabaseServerClient = createPagesServerClient<Database>({
    req,
    res,
  })
  const {
    data: { user },
  } = await supabaseServerClient.auth.getUser()

  res.status(200).json({ name: user?.name ?? '' })
}

Client-side data fetching with RLS#

For row level security to work properly when fetching data client-side, you need to make sure to use the supabaseClient from the useSupabaseClient hook and only run your query once the user is defined client-side in the useUser() hook:

import { Auth } from '@supabase/auth-ui-react'
import { ThemeSupa } from '@supabase/auth-ui-shared'
import { useUser, useSupabaseClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-react'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'

const LoginPage = () => {
  const supabaseClient = useSupabaseClient()
  const user = useUser()
  const [data, setData] = useState()

  useEffect(() => {
    async function loadData() {
      const { data } = await supabaseClient.from('test').select('*')
      setData(data)
    }
    // Only run query once user is logged in.
    if (user) loadData()
  }, [user])

  if (!user)
    return (
      <Auth
        redirectTo="http://localhost:3000/"
        appearance={{ theme: ThemeSupa }}
        supabaseClient={supabaseClient}
        providers={['google', 'github']}
        socialLayout="horizontal"
      />
    )

  return (
    <>
      <button onClick={() => supabaseClient.auth.signOut()}>Sign out</button>
      <p>user:</p>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(user, null, 2)}</pre>
      <p>client-side data fetching with RLS</p>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>
    </>
  )
}

export default LoginPage

Server-side rendering (SSR)#

Create a server supabase client to retrieve the logged in user's session:

import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export default function Profile({ user }) {
  return <div>Hello {user.name}</div>
}

export const getServerSideProps = async (ctx) => {
  // Create authenticated Supabase Client
  const supabase = createPagesServerClient(ctx)
  // Check if we have a session
  const {
    data: { session },
  } = await supabase.auth.getSession()

  if (!session)
    return {
      redirect: {
        destination: '/',
        permanent: false,
      },
    }

  return {
    props: {
      initialSession: session,
      user: session.user,
    },
  }
}

Server-side data fetching with RLS#

You can use the server supabase client to run row level security authenticated queries server-side:

import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export default function ProtectedPage({ user, data }) {
  return (
    <>
      <div>Protected content for {user.email}</div>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(user, null, 2)}</pre>
    </>
  )
}

export const getServerSideProps = async (ctx) => {
  // Create authenticated Supabase Client
  const supabase = createPagesServerClient(ctx)
  // Check if we have a session
  const {
    data: { session },
  } = await supabase.auth.getSession()

  if (!session)
    return {
      redirect: {
        destination: '/',
        permanent: false,
      },
    }

  // Run queries with RLS on the server
  const { data } = await supabase.from('users').select('*')

  return {
    props: {
      initialSession: session,
      user: session.user,
      data: data ?? [],
    },
  }
}

Server-side data fetching to OAuth APIs using provider token #oauth-provider-token#

When using third-party auth providers, sessions are initiated with an additional provider_token field which is persisted in the auth cookie and can be accessed within the session object. The provider_token can be used to make API requests to the OAuth provider's API endpoints on behalf of the logged-in user.

import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export default function ProtectedPage({ user, allRepos }) {
  return (
    <>
      <div>Protected content for {user.email}</div>
      <p>Data fetched with provider token:</p>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(allRepos, null, 2)}</pre>
      <p>user:</p>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(user, null, 2)}</pre>
    </>
  )
}

export const getServerSideProps = async (ctx) => {
  // Create authenticated Supabase Client
  const supabase = createPagesServerClient(ctx)
  // Check if we have a session
  const {
    data: { session },
  } = await supabase.auth.getSession()

  if (!session)
    return {
      redirect: {
        destination: '/',
        permanent: false,
      },
    }

  // Retrieve provider_token & logged in user's third-party id from metadata
  const { provider_token, user } = session
  const userId = user.user_metadata.user_name

  const allRepos = await (
    await fetch(`https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=user:${userId}`, {
      method: 'GET',
      headers: {
        Authorization: `token ${provider_token}`,
      },
    })
  ).json()

  return { props: { user, allRepos } }
}

Protecting API routes#

Create a server supabase client to retrieve the logged in user's session:

import { createPagesServerClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

const ProtectedRoute = async (req, res) => {
  // Create authenticated Supabase Client
  const supabase = createPagesServerClient({ req, res })
  // Check if we have a session
  const {
    data: { session },
  } = await supabase.auth.getSession()

  if (!session)
    return res.status(401).json({
      error: 'not_authenticated',
      description: 'The user does not have an active session or is not authenticated',
    })

  // Run queries with RLS on the server
  const { data } = await supabase.from('test').select('*')
  res.json(data)
}

export default ProtectedRoute

Auth with Next.js Middleware#

As an alternative to protecting individual pages you can use a Next.js Middleware to protect the entire directory or those that match the config object. In the following example, all requests to /middleware-protected/* will check whether a user is signed in, if successful the request will be forwarded to the destination route, otherwise the user will be redirected:

import { createMiddlewareClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'

export async function middleware(req: NextRequest) {
  // We need to create a response and hand it to the supabase client to be able to modify the response headers.
  const res = NextResponse.next()
  // Create authenticated Supabase Client.
  const supabase = createMiddlewareClient({ req, res })
  // Check if we have a session
  const {
    data: { session },
  } = await supabase.auth.getSession()

  // Check auth condition
  if (session?.user.email?.endsWith('@gmail.com')) {
    // Authentication successful, forward request to protected route.
    return res
  }

  // Auth condition not met, redirect to home page.
  const redirectUrl = req.nextUrl.clone()
  redirectUrl.pathname = '/'
  redirectUrl.searchParams.set(`redirectedFrom`, req.nextUrl.pathname)
  return NextResponse.redirect(redirectUrl)
}

export const config = {
  matcher: '/middleware-protected/:path*',
}

Migration Guide#

Migrating to v0.7.X#

PKCE Auth Flow

PKCE is the new server-side auth flow implemented by the Next.js Auth Helpers. It requires a new API route for /api/auth/callback that exchanges an auth code for the user's session.

Check the Code Exchange API Route steps above to implement this route.

Authentication

For authentication methods that have a redirectTo or emailRedirectTo, this must be set to this new code exchange API Route - /api/auth/callback. This is an example with the signUp function:

supabase.auth.signUp({
  email: 'jon@example.com',
  password: 'sup3rs3cur3',
  options: {
    emailRedirectTo: 'http://localhost:3000/auth/callback',
  },
})

Deprecated Functions

With v0.7.x of the Next.js Auth Helpers a new naming convention has been implemented for createClient functions. The createBrowserSupabaseClient and createServerSupabaseClient functions have been marked as deprecated, and will be removed in a future version of the Auth Helpers.

• createBrowserSupabaseClient has been replaced with createPagesBrowserClient
• createServerSupabaseClient has been replaced with createPagesServerClient

Migrating to v0.5.X#

To make these helpers more flexible as well as more maintainable and easier to upgrade for new versions of Next.js, we're stripping them down to the most useful part which is managing the cookies and giving you an authenticated supabase-js client in any environment (client, server, middleware/edge).

Therefore we're marking the withApiAuth, withPageAuth, and withMiddlewareAuth higher order functions as deprecated and they will be removed in the next minor release (v0.6.X).

Please follow the steps below to update your API routes, pages, and middleware handlers. Thanks!

withApiAuth deprecated!

Use createPagesServerClient within your NextApiHandler:

import { withApiAuth } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export default withApiAuth(async function ProtectedRoute(req, res, supabase) {
  // Run queries with RLS on the server
  const { data } = await supabase.from('test').select('*')
  res.json(data)
})

withPageAuth deprecated!

Use createPagesServerClient within getServerSideProps:

import { withPageAuth, User } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export default function Profile({ user }: { user: User }) {
  return <pre>{JSON.stringify(user, null, 2)}</pre>
}

export const getServerSideProps = withPageAuth({ redirectTo: '/' })

withMiddlewareAuth deprecated!

import { withMiddlewareAuth } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs'

export const middleware = withMiddlewareAuth({
  redirectTo: '/',
  authGuard: {
    isPermitted: async (user) => {
      return user.email?.endsWith('@gmail.com') ?? false
    },
    redirectTo: '/insufficient-permissions',
  },
})

export const config = {
  matcher: '/middleware-protected',
}

Migrating to v0.4.X and supabase-js v2#

With the update to supabase-js v2 the auth API routes are no longer required, therefore you can go ahead and delete your auth directory under the /pages/api/ directory. Please refer to the v2 migration guide for the full set of changes within supabase-js.

The /api/auth/logout API route has been removed, please use the signout method instead:

<button
  onClick={async () => {
    await supabaseClient.auth.signOut()
    router.push('/')
  }}
>
  Logout
</button>

The supabaseClient and supabaseServerClient have been removed in favor of the createPagesBrowserClient and createPagesServerClient methods. This allows you to provide the CLI-generated types to the client:

// client-side
import type { Database } from 'types_db'
const [supabaseClient] = useState(() => createPagesBrowserClient<Database>())

// server-side API route
import type { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from 'next'
import type { Database } from 'types_db'

export default async (req: NextApiRequest, res: NextApiResponse) => {
  const supabaseServerClient = createPagesServerClient<Database>({
    req,
    res,
  })
  const {
    data: { user },
  } = await supabaseServerClient.auth.getUser()

  res.status(200).json({ name: user?.name ?? '' })
}

• The UserProvider has been replaced by the SessionContextProvider. Make sure to wrap your pages/_app.js componenent with the SessionContextProvider. Then, throughout your application you can use the useSessionContext hook to get the session and the useSupabaseClient hook to get an authenticated supabaseClient.
• The useUser hook now returns the user object or null.
• Usage with TypeScript: You can pass types that were generated with the Supabase CLI to the Supabase Client to get enhanced type safety and auto completion:

Creating a new supabase client object:

import { Database } from '../database.types'

const [supabaseClient] = useState(() => createPagesBrowserClient<Database>())

Retrieving a supabase client object from the SessionContext:

import { useSupabaseClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-react'
import { Database } from '../database.types'

const supabaseClient = useSupabaseClient<Database>()